Different Types of Apple Trees

Nicholas Tan asked:




In the past, there have been only a couple different kinds of apple trees that you could buy. But now, thanks to the wonders of genetic engineering, if you want to buy an apple tree you are able to choose between many different types of apples and flavors. Here I will outline five different popular types of apples that you can consider for your first apple tree.

First introduced in Japan, the Fuji apple has been around since 1962. The Fuji apple has yellow-green skin with red streaks down the side. The inside is delicious and sweet. It is white, firm, crunchy, and very flavorful. It becomes ripe in the middle of September, but tastes the best if it is left to fully mature until October or November. These apples will start growing early and grow in abundance. They are good for pollinating other apples. The Fuji tree can tolerate wet, dry, or poor soil, but the fruit quality will most likely reflect the quality of the soil. The apples always taste the best when they are fresh, and are great for cooking.

Gala apples are a wonderful tasting import from New Zealand. The Gala apple has yellow skin with a slight hint of red, and it is medium sized. The insides are yellow, very juicy, firm, crisp, and smell excellent. When they are fresh they are one of the best tasting apples you can grow. They grow quickly, and the trees bear heavily. They become ripe in late July. They are generally not used for cooking, just because Fuji is a better alternative. The trees can grow in wet, dry, and poor soil as well.

The delicious Brae Burn apples’ color varies from gold with red streaks to almost completely red. It was first popularized some time in the late 1940′s. It was also originally from New Zealand along with the Fuji, and is now the best selling apple in Germany. The insides are white, crisp, aromatic, firm, and juicy. They are sweet, but also slightly tart. The size varies from medium to large. They were introduced to the United States around 1980, and met with great enthusiasm. They are some of the most popular apples in the world. They generally don’t become brown too quickly after being cut. They become ripe around October or November.

As red as its name proclaims, the Red Delicious apple is very tall and large. Their yellow insides are crisp, sweet, juicy, and delicious. They are grown across the country, and are great to put in salads. They are usually recognized by their distinct heart shape. They were first introduced in 1874 in Peru, Iowa. They become ripe in mid to late September. They are usually best when they are fresh off the tree.

Golden Delicious apples have great, juicy flavor. Their insides are firm, white, crisp and sweet. They are great for cooking because even when they are cooked or baked they keep their great taste and shape. The skin is thin and soft. They are great for salads. They range in size from medium to large. They are shaped much like the red delicious apple. The insides are crisp, juicy, sweet, and mild. Many people enjoy them, although they bruise rather easily. They become ripe in late September. They are good for many purposes, and they last a long time if not handled roughly.



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International Joint Venture Do’s and Don’ts

Rivers Corbett asked:




International joint venture agreements may have been the key solution to hastening the process of economic growth of third world countries, especially to small sized to medium sized businesses. It has been evident that Giant Corporate powers have been providing new business opportunities and access to new technology to third world companies, furthering business growth and development, and economic success in general.

Enter Globalization and its incorporated policies to the economic systems of the third world – boosting the growth of local companies. Further to the partnership between giant corporations to small local businesses in the third world, there has been numerous issues which were not shown by the mass media to third world societies. As social and environmental claims – “oftentimes, the stakeholders are the ones suffering from the wealth gained by the partner companies.”

A good example of this would be in the industry of agriculture. Since the 1960′s, during the time of the green revolution, Trans national corporations have been making efforts to increase the productivity and efficiency of food production to its partner companies in the third world. In Asia for example, the method of production of rice, corn, and other similar crops, have been continuously innovated to increase its efficiency. Technologies developed in the west are transferred to the local soil of the business partner, experimented, legislated and then implemented.

To give you a concrete example of this, let’s take a look at the technology of Genetic Engineering, in food production, this is called GMO or Genetically Modified Organisms. The traditional method of corn production of South East Asian countries was altered in the span of a few decades from organic farming to the use of pesticide to the currently applied GMO. This variety of corn is called the BT Corn or the Bacillus Turengensis. Designed to eliminate the use of pesticide, the corn’s genetic set up was altered to protect itself from predators in the field such as corn borer.

This technology transfer increased the efficiency of traditional farming methods of the local business partner, increased its revenues, enabled them to practice novel and effective farming, etc. However, the environmental impacts, adverse effects to human health, disruption of ecological balance, etc. is inevitable, as environmental groups claim. As one writer puts it, “the good parts of technology cannot be eliminated from its bad parts.”

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3. Genetic Engineering

YaleCourses asked:


Frontiers of Biomedical Engineering (BENG 100) Professor Saltzman introduces the elements of molecular structure of DNA such as backbone, base composition, base pairing, and directionality of nucleic acids. He describes the processes of DNA synthesis, transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational processing required to make a protein such as insulin from its genetic code (DNA). Professor Saltzman describes the genetic code. RNA interference is also discussed as a way to …

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